How to Make Concrete: The Ultimate Guide for DIY Projects

Whether you're laying a shed base, building a garden path, or casting a new front step, learning how to make concrete is a fundamental home improvement skill. Concrete is durable, versatile, and essential for many outdoor and indoor projects. This step-by-step guide will show you how to make DIY concrete both with a cement mixer and by hand—perfect for any project size.

Why Learn How to Make Concrete?

Making your own concrete is cost-effective and gives you full control over the concrete mix ratio and consistency. Plus, it’s an empowering skill for anyone tackling DIY concrete tasks. Once you've mastered it, you'll be ready to take on a range of jobs, from patios and driveways to garden edging and footings.

What is Concrete Made Of?

Concrete is made from three primary ingredients:

• Cement (the binder)

• Sand (fine aggregate)

• Aggregates (gravel or crushed stone)

You can also use ballast, which is a pre-mixed combination of sand and aggregates. The right concrete mix ratio is critical for the strength and durability of your finished project.

Common Concrete Mix Ratio:

• 1:2:3 – 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, 3 parts aggregates

• Alternatively, 1:4 when using ballast (1 part cement, 4 parts ballast)

Need help selecting the right ratio for your project? Check out our full [Concrete Mix Ratio Guide].

Do You Need a Cement Mixer?

If you're only making a small batch of concrete, you can mix it by hand. However, for larger projects or frequent use, investing in or renting a cement mixer can save time, reduce strain, and ensure a more consistent concrete mix.

How to Make Concrete Using a Cement Mixer

Using a cement mixer is the easiest and most efficient way to make large volumes of concrete. Follow these steps:

Step 1: Prepare the Area and Safety Gear

• Set up your cement mixer on level ground.

• Wear safety glasses, gloves, and a dust mask.

• Keep a hose or bucket of water nearby for cleaning.

Step 2: Start the Mixer

Angle the drum at about 45 degrees and switch the mixer on.

Step 3: Wet the Drum

Pour a small amount of water into the drum to prevent the materials from sticking to the sides.

Step 4: Add Half the Materials

Add half your cement, sand, and aggregates (or ballast) into the mixer. Let them dry-mix for about 2 minutes.

Step 5: Add Water Gradually

Slowly add water until the mixture starts to form. Aim for a consistency like thick porridge.

Step 6: Add Remaining Materials

Add the rest of your materials and continue mixing. Add water gradually until the desired consistency is reached.

Step 7: Check Consistency

Let the concrete mix rotate for a few more minutes, ensuring all ingredients are thoroughly combined.

How to Mix Concrete by Hand

For smaller batches or when a mixer isn’t available, you can still make high-quality DIY concrete by hand.

Step 1: Mix the Dry Ingredients

• Measure out your sand and aggregates using the correct ratio.

• Place them on a clean, hard surface like a mixing board or plywood.

• Use a shovel to mix thoroughly until the blend has a uniform color.

Step 2: Add Cement

• Spread the dry mix out and sprinkle in the cement evenly.

• Fold the mix over repeatedly with your shovel until it becomes one uniform color.

Step 3: Add Water

• Make a crater in the middle of your pile.

• Add water gradually to avoid over-wetting.

• Start mixing by folding the dry mix into the water.

Step 4: Mix Thoroughly

• Continue mixing from the edges and bottom of the pile.

• Add water as needed until you achieve a thick, porridge-like consistency.

• Your DIY concrete is ready when no dry material remains and the mix holds shape without crumbling or dripping.

How to Achieve the Right Concrete Consistency

The perfect concrete mix is moist but not too wet. Here’s how to tell:

The Porridge Test

• Grab a handful (with gloves on) and squeeze.

• It should hold shape and release easily.

• If it crumbles, it’s too dry. If it oozes water, it’s too wet.

Inside the Cement Mixer

• The mix should tumble smoothly inside the drum.

• If it sticks and only falls when it reaches the top, it's too dry.

• If it slides and doesn’t reach the drum's edge, it’s too wet.

Adjusting Your Concrete Mix

Even with careful measuring, you might need to tweak your mix:

• Too Dry? Add small amounts of water slowly.

• Too Wet? Add more dry ingredients (cement, sand, and aggregates) in the original ratio.

Tips for Better Results

• Clean your tools and cement mixer promptly after use to prevent hardened build-up.

• Mix only what you can use within 1–2 hours.

• Never add too much water—it weakens the finished concrete.

• Always follow safety precautions, especially when handling dry cement.

Final Thoughts on Making Concrete

Learning how to make concrete is an essential part of any home improvement toolkit. Whether you’re working with a cement mixer or mixing by hand, mastering this process opens the door to countless DIY concrete projects—from paths and patios to garden features and steps.

With the right concrete mix ratio and consistency, your next project is bound to be a success. So grab your gloves, shovel, and mixer—it's time to get building!

Ready to Start Your Project?

Explore our full range of cement mixers, aggregates, and concrete tools to get started on your next DIY concrete task.